Qualified Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description This document is the reference description, version 1.1 of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. This document supersedes the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, version 1.0. See the Dublin Core Home Page (http://dublincore.org) for further information about the workshops, reports, working group papers, projects, and new developments concerning the Dublin Core Metadata Element set Title A name given to the resource. Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited recommended Alternative Any form of the title used as a substitute or alternative to the formal title of the resource. This qualifier can include Title abbreviations as well as translations. element-refinement Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Subject and Keywords The topic of the content of the resource. Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Description An account of the content of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Abstract A summary of the content of the resource. element-refinement recommended Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the content of the resource. element-refinement recommended Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available. Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Date A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Available Date (often a range) that the resource will become or did become available. element-refinement recommended Created Date of creation of the resource. element-refinement recommended Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource (e.g. of thesis by university department, of article by journal, etc.). element-refinement conforming Date Copyrighted Date of a statement of copyright. element-refinement conforming Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource (e.g. thesis, articles, etc.). element-refinement conforming element-refinement Issued Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource. recommended Modified Date on which the resource was changed. element-refinement recommended recommended element-refinement Valid Date (often a range) of validity of a resource. Resource Type The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the working draft list of Dublin Core Types). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the FORMAT element. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Format The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Extent The size or duration of the resource. element-refinement recommended Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. recommended element-refinement Resource Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited conforming Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible, whether or not the citation is in a standard form. element-refinement Source A Reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Language A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Recommended best practice for the values of the Language element is defined by RFC 1766 which includes a two-letter Language Code (taken from the ISO 639 standard, followed optionally, by a two-letter Country Code (taken from the ISO 3166 standard). For example, 'en' for English, 'fr' for French, or 'en-uk' for English used in the United Kingdom. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Relation A reference to a related resource. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Conforms To A reference to an established standard to which the resource conforms. element-refinement recommended Has Format The described resource pre-existed the referenced resource, which is essentially the same intellectual content presented in another format. element-refinement recommended Has Part The described resource includes the referenced resource either physically or logically. element-refinement recommended Has Version The described resource has a version, edition, or adaptation, namely, the referenced resource. element-refinement recommended Is Format Of The described resource is the same intellectual content of the referenced resource, but presented in another format. element-refinement recommended Is Part Of The described resource is a physical or logical part of the referenced resource. element-refinement recommended Is Referenced By The described resource is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the referenced resource. element-refinement recommended element-refinement recommended Is Replaced By The described resource is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by the referenced resource. recommended Is Required By The described resource is required by the referenced resource, either physically or logically. element-refinement Is Version Of The described resource is a version, edition, or adaptation of the referenced resource. Changes in version imply substantive changes in content rather than differences in format. element-refinement recommended References The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the referenced resource. element-refinement recommended recommended Replaces The described resource supplants, displaces, or supersedes the referenced resource. element-refinement element-refinement Requires The described resource requires the referenced resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence of content. recommended Coverage The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited recommended Spatial Spatial characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. element-refinement Temporal Temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. element-refinement recommended Rights Management Information about rights held in and over the resource. Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. 1.1 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Optional Character String Unlimited Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security or other regulations. element-refinement conforming License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. Recommended best practice is to identify the license using a URI. Examples of such licenses can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/. element-refinement conforming Audience A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful. A class of entity may be determined by the creator or the publisher or by a third party. Audience Education Level A general statement describing the education or training context. Alternatively, a more specific statement of the location of the audience in terms of its progression through an education or training context. element-refinement conforming A class of entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful. The audiences for a resource are of two basic classes: (1) an ultimate beneficiary of the resource, and (2) frequently, an entity that mediates access to the resource. The mediator element refinement represents the second of these two classes. Mediator element-refinement recommended Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Recommended best practice is to use the URI or name of the Rights Holder to indicate the entity. Rights Holder conforming